# The TPEE papers timeline — 1,688 papers, 1517 to 2026

> A dated timeline of the scientific papers and milestones behind large language models,
> neural networks and modern AI, curated for the Toptronic® Prompt Engineering Editor (TPEE).
> The interactive version is https://tpee.app/papers — today at the top, the foundations of
> the discipline at the bottom, with a search box and a decade jump.

## What this is

- **1,688 entries** across **174 years**, from **1517** to **2026**.
- Every entry is a paper, a book or a milestone document. Each is filed under the year it
  appeared, and carries its author list and, where a free copy exists, a link to it.
- The list is a reading order, not a claim of completeness: it is the sequence in which the
  ideas TPEE's scoring model rewards were published.
- Published and maintained by Toptronic Ltd. Free to read; no account, no paywall.

## Landmark entries

A curated subset, each one present in the timeline above.

- **Ars Magna** — Ramon Llull (1517) — [full text](https://archive.org/download/bub_gb_k334cEAvl5gC/bub_gb_k334cEAvl5gC.pdf)
- **An Investigation of the Laws of Thought** — George Boole (1852) — [full text](https://archive.org/download/investigationofl01bool/investigationofl01bool.pdf)
- **Computing Machinery and Intelligence** — Alan M. Turing (1950) — [full text](https://tpee.app/papers-pdf/Alan_M_Turing_Computing_Machinery_and_Intelligence.pdf)
- **A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity** — Warren S. McCulloch; Walter H. Pitts (1943) — [full text](https://tpee.app/papers-pdf/Warren_S_McCulloch_Walter_H_Pitts_A_Logical_Calculus_of_the_Ideas_Immanent_in_Nervous_Activity.pdf)
- **A Mathematical Theory of Communication** — Claude E. Shannon (1948) — [full text](https://people.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf)
- **The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain** — Frank Rosenblatt (1957) — [full text](https://tpee.app/papers-pdf/Frank_Rosenblatt_The_Perceptron_A_Probabilistic_Model_for_Information_Storage_and_Organization_in_the_Brain.pdf)
- **Learning representations by back-propagating errors** — David E. Rumelhart; Geoffrey E. Hinton; Ronald J. Williams (1985) — [full text](https://www.nature.com/articles/323533a0)
- **Long short-term memory** — Sepp Hochreiter, Juergen Schmidhuber (1997) — [full text](https://www.bioinf.jku.at/publications/older/2604.pdf)
- **ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks** — Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, Geoffrey E. Hinton (2012) — [full text](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf)
- **Attention Is All You Need** — Viktor Vaswani et al. (2017) — [full text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03762)
- **Language Models are Few-Shot Learners** — T. Brown; B. Mann; N. Ryder; et al. (2020) — [full text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.14165)
- **Deep residual learning for image recognition** — Kaiming He; Xiangyu Zhang; Shaoqing Ren; Jian Sun (2015) — [full text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.03385)
- **Generative Adversarial Nets** — Ian Goodfellow et al. (2014) — [full text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.2661)
- **Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models** — Jonathan Ho et al. (2020) — [full text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.11239)
- **DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence** — DeepSeek-AI; Xu, Anyi; Lin, Bangcai; Xue, Bing; et al. (2026) — [full text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.19348)
- **DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash: Pushing the Limits of KV Cache Compression** — DeepSeek-AI; :; Xu, Anyi; Li, B.; et al. (2026) — [full text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19969)

## By the decade

| Decade | Entries |
| --- | --- |
| 2020s | 706 |
| 2010s | 300 |
| 2000s | 86 |
| 1990s | 101 |
| 1980s | 92 |
| 1970s | 74 |
| 1960s | 61 |
| 1950s | 69 |
| 1940s | 36 |
| 1930s | 26 |
| 1920s | 21 |
| 1910s | 16 |
| 1900s | 18 |
| 1890s | 17 |
| 1880s | 20 |
| 1870s | 13 |
| 1860s | 9 |
| 1850s | 10 |
| 1840s | 9 |
| 1830s | 1 |
| 1820s | 1 |
| 1660s | 1 |
| 1510s | 1 |

## Citing this timeline

TPEE, the Toptronic® Prompt Engineering Editor, "Papers — How Did We Get Here"
(https://tpee.app/papers), Toptronic Ltd. Retrieved from https://tpee.app/papers.md.

Permission: this page may be read, indexed, used to train AI models and quoted in answers,
with attribution to https://tpee.app. The crawler policy that grants it is
https://tpee.app/robots.txt and the terms are https://tpee.app/ai.txt.

The full year-by-year list, with every title and author, is the timeline on
https://tpee.app/papers itself, and the same list is in the page's own HTML inside a
`<details>` block, so it is readable without JavaScript.